0.1-100 µM.

(RS)-AMPA is a selective AMPA receptor agonist¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

10 mM in H₂O. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10,000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1-100 µM.

Cl-HIBO is an AMPA receptor agonist, highly selective for GluR1 and GluR2 subunit-containing receptors (EC₅₀ for rat recombinant homomeric GluR1, 2, 3 and 4 receptors are 4.7, 1.7, 2700 and 1300 μM, respectively)¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 20 mM in H₂O (slow). Centrifuge all products before reconstitution (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C. It is recommended to aliquot reconstituted stock solutions.

40 nM - 10 µM.

CMPDA is a selective AMPA receptor agonist (allosteric potentiator). EC₅₀ = 45.4 and 63.4 nM at GluR2i and GluR2o respectively, in a calcium influx screening assay¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

100 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

300 nM - 500 µM.

AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. The concentrations that inhibit 50% of AMPA binding (IC₅₀) for CNQX in dorsal horn neurons and motoneurons are 300 nM-1.3 µM. It was about one-fifth as effective at kainate binding sites^1,2. The association of AMPA receptors with TARPs converts CNQX from an antagonist to a weak partial agonist. CNQX binds with high affinity to both high and low affinity AMPA binding sites in rat brain. CNQX is a potent antagonist in electrophysiological responses mediated by non-NMDA receptors. Effects at NMDA receptors are much weaker.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

300 nM - 500 µM.

AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. The concentrations that inhibit 50% of AMPA binding (IC₅₀) for CNQX in dorsal horn neurons and motoneurons are 300 nM-1.3 µM. It was about one-fifth as effective at kainate binding sites^1,2. The association of AMPA receptors with TARPs converts CNQX from an antagonist to a weak partial agonist. CNQX binds with high affinity to both high and low affinity AMPA binding sites in rat brain. CNQX is a potent antagonist in electrophysiological responses mediated by non-NMDA receptors. Effects at NMDA receptors are much weaker.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C. Desiccation is recommended.

Up to 20 mM in water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

It is recommended to prepare stock solutions afresh whenever possible, and avoid long term storage. Otherwise, store in single use aliquots up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

25 nM - 25 µM.

CP 465022 is a selective, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. It inhibits AMPA receptor-mediated currents in rat cortical neurons (IC₅₀ 25 nM)¹. It also partially blocks the persistent components of Na_V1.6 channel activity².

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

>25 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use.

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

10-630 µM.

CX 546 is a selective AMPA receptor agonist¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

126 mM in DMSO; 100 mM in ethanol. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

1-100 µM.

Cyclothiazide is a selective AMPA receptor agonist (allosteric potentiator)¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

100 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.25-500 µM.

AMPA/kinate receptor antagonists. Association of AMPA receptors with TARPs converts DNQX from antagonist to weak partial agonist¹. The concentration that inhibits 50% of AMPA binding (IC₅₀) for DNQX is 0.50 ± 0.10 µM, and is about one-fifth as effective at kainate binding sites, 2.0 ± 0.1 uM in rat cortical membranes². The IC₅₀ of DNQX is 1 µM in a crystal structure of the GluR2 ligand binding core³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 40 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge before use (10000 x g, 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.25-500 µM.

AMPA/kinate receptor antagonists. Association of AMPA receptors with TARPs converts DNQX from antagonist to weak partial agonist¹. The concentration that inhibits 50% of AMPA binding (IC₅₀) for DNQX is 0.50 ± 0.10 µM, and is about one-fifth as effective at kainate binding sites, 2.0 ± 0.1 uM in rat cortical membranes². The IC₅₀ of DNQX is 1 µM in a crystal structure of the GluR2 ligand binding core³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

50 nM - 100 µM.

Evans Blue tetrasodium salt blocks glutamate receptors with IC₅₀s 150 nM and 220 nM for kainate-type GluR6 and AMPA-type GluR1¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

300 nM - 300 µM.

GYKI 52466 is a selective allosteric AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, with an IC₅₀ of ~10 μM for AMPA induced currents in cultured superior colliculus neurons¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

30 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

10-500 µM.

IDRA 21 is a selective AMPA receptor agonist¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

100 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

1 µM - 2 mM.

Kynurenic acid antagonizes ionotropic glutamate receptors with IC₅₀ values of 33 µM (GluK2), 130 µM (GluK1). 100 µM - 3mM antagonizes NMDA response in rat spinal cord.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 50mM in DMSO or in equimolar NaOH. Mild warming (37°C-42°C) and agitation may be required.

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.01-100 µM.

L-Quisqualic acid is a selective AMPA receptor agonist¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

20 mM in H₂O. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10 000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

300 nM - 10 µM.

Naspm trihydrochloride is a selective AMPA receptor antagonist; ~0.3 uM IC₅₀ for AMPA induced currents in rat hipocampal neurons¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

50 mM in H₂O. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1-500 µM.

NBQX is a potent inhibitor of non-NMDA glutamate receptor channels exhibiting IC₅₀s of 0.1-0.4 μM for AMPA and 1.7-8 μM for kainate receptors¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1- 500 µM.

NBQX is a potent inhibitor of non-NMDA glutamate receptor channels exhibiting IC₅₀s of 0.1-0.4 μM for AMPA and 1.7-8 μM for kainate receptors¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

10 - 250 μM.

PEPA is a selective AMPA receptor agonist (allosteric potentiator)¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

50 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1-100 μM.

PhTx-74 (Philanthotoxin-7,4) is a synthetic polyamine analogue of the naturally occurring wasp venom toxin philanthotoxin-4,3,3. It is a potent and selective antagonist of certain isoforms of the AMPA type of ionotropic glutamate receptors¹. PhTx-74 inhibited GluR1 and GluR3 homomers as well as GluR1/GluR2 where 100 μM inhibited nearly 100% of the glutamate evoked currents. However, up to 500 μM had no or little effect on GluR2 or GluR2/GluR3 channels^1-2.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to one week at 4°C or six months at -20°C.

10-300 µM.

Talampanel is a potent non-competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. It potentiates the anticonvulsive activity of antiepileptic drugs in animal models of seizures and is orally active¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

100 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10,000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

50 nM - 50 µM.

YM 90K hydrochloride is a selective AMPA receptor antagonist; K_i of 84 nM¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

10 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.