Prostaglandins (PGs) are key lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid that are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and cardiovascular homeostasis. Each PG acts on its specific and distinct cell surface G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)¹.

All prostaglandins are composed of a cyclopentanone nucleus with two side chains. Currently, three classes of prostaglandins are recognized, and these are categorized on the basis of the number of double bonds present within the prostaglandin molecule and on the fatty acid from which they are derived.

Prostaglandin F_2α (PGF2α) and its receptor (FP) are required for female reproductive functions such as luteolysis and parturition². PGF2α was shown to be an important regulator of corpora luteal (CL) function, uterine contractility, ovulation, and embryo attachment in female swine. High affinity PGF2α receptors are present in the CL at all stages of the estrous cycle³.

Apart from its pivotal role in parturition, PGF2α and its receptor are been implicated in blood pressure regulation⁴, atherosclerosis and other inflammation-related disorders⁵, cardiovascular diseases⁶ and bone development⁷. Prostaglandin F2α analogs were the first prostaglandin agonists introduced for glaucoma treatment, its mechanism of action includes reduction of intracellular pressure by increasing the uveoscleral outflow⁸.