Natural peptide isolated from Bungarus multicinctus (Many-banded krait).

1 nM - 3 μM.

α-Bungarotoxin blocks postsynaptic neuromuscular transmission via competitive inhibition of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), thereby preventing the depolarizing action on postsynaptic membranes and blocking neuromuscular transmission. Selective for α7 receptors (IC₅₀ value of 1.6 nM) and α3/β4 receptors (IC₅₀ value of >3 μM)^1,2. The toxin also blocks GABA(A) receptor subtypes³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Natural peptide isolated from Dendroaspis angusticeps (Eastern green mamba).

10-500 nM.

α-Dendrotoxin inhibits 4-AP sensitive, inactivating voltage-gated K⁺ channels (K_V1.1, K_V1.2 and K_V1.6).

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

20 nM - 1 µM.

ω-Agatoxin IVA is an antagonist of voltage-sensitive P-type Ca²⁺ channels¹. It blocks neuromuscular transmission presynaptically in a variety of synapses^2,3.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any other aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

20 nM - 1 μM.

ω-Conotoxin GVIA specifically and reversibly blocks N-type Ca_V channels¹ and is reported to antagonize P2X receptors².

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

10 nM - 10 μM.

A-803467 is a potent and selective blocker of the TTX-resistant Na_V1.8 channel. A-803467 is a state dependent inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 8 nM at depolarized membrane potential (-40 mV) and 80 nM at -100 mV. As an efficient inhibitor of TTX-resistant currents in DRG neurons, A-803467 was also effective as an analgesic in several rodent models of different pathological pain states^1,2. A-803467 was used as a pharmacological tool to demonstrate the expression of Na_V1.8 in the heart conduction system and its contribution to QRS interval in the mouse heart³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

10 nM - 100 µM.

A 967079 is a blocker of TRPA1 channels and has IC₅₀ values of 67 and 289 nM at human and rat TRPA1 receptors respectively¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 200 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (5,000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

100 nM - 1 µM.

Apamin is a blocker of voltage-independent Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ (SK) channels¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or two months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

10 nM - 3 µM.

APETx2 inhibits ASIC3 channels¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to one week at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

1-100 µM.

(+)-Bicuculline inhibits (IC₅₀ = 9 µM) recombinant α1β1γ2 GABA(A) channels that were activated with 3 µM GABA¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

DMSO (with gentle warming), DMF, chloroform. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

300 nM - 500 µM.

AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. The concentrations that inhibit 50% of AMPA binding (IC₅₀) for CNQX in dorsal horn neurons and motoneurons are 300 nM-1.3 µM. It was about one-fifth as effective at kainate binding sites^1,2. The association of AMPA receptors with TARPs converts CNQX from an antagonist to a weak partial agonist. CNQX binds with high affinity to both high and low affinity AMPA binding sites in rat brain. CNQX is a potent antagonist in electrophysiological responses mediated by non-NMDA receptors. Effects at NMDA receptors are much weaker.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C. Desiccation is recommended.

Up to 20 mM in water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

It is recommended to prepare stock solutions afresh whenever possible, and avoid long term storage. Otherwise, store in single use aliquots up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1-200 μM

Co 102862 is a potent, broad spectrum and state-dependent blocker of neuronal voltage-gated Na⁺ channels that interacts selectively with inactivated states as opposed to resting states of the channel¹. IC₅₀ values are 0.28-15.9 µM in rat hippocampal neurons². It is an anticonvulsant, demonstrating potent activity in rodent models of tonic/clonic and partial-complex seizures³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

100 nM - 100 µM.

D-AP5 is an NMDA receptor antagonist. IC₅₀ = 0.28 µM (NR2A), 0.46 µM (NR2B), 1.6 µM (NR2C)¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

25 mg/ml in H₂O. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.25-500 µM.

AMPA/kinate receptor antagonists. Association of AMPA receptors with TARPs converts DNQX from antagonist to weak partial agonist¹. The concentration that inhibits 50% of AMPA binding (IC₅₀) for DNQX is 0.50 ± 0.10 µM, and is about one-fifth as effective at kainate binding sites, 2.0 ± 0.1 uM in rat cortical membranes². The IC₅₀ of DNQX is 1 µM in a crystal structure of the GluR2 ligand binding core³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 40 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge before use (10000 x g, 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

100-500 nM.

Heteropodatoxin-2 is an inhibitor of voltage-gated K⁺ channels of the K_V4 family. Inhibition of K_V4.3 and K_V4.2 is strongly voltage-dependent, while inhibition of K_V4.1 shows less voltage-dependence. Lacks affinity for K_V1.4, K_V2.1 and K_V3.4^1,2. Also blocks Ca²⁺ channels¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to one week at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1-300 µM.

Linopirdine blocks KCNQ channels with an IC₅₀ of 2.4 μM for K_V7.2/3 heteromers¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

100 mM in water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.01-10 µM.

(+)-MK 801 maleate is a potent, selective and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 0.01 μM¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 100 mM in DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (5,000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

1-100 µM.

NNC 55-0396 displays IC₅₀ values of 6.8 and >100 μM for inhibition of Ca_V3.1 T-type channels and HVA currents respectively in INS-1 cells¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

50 mM in water. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g for 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

100 nM -10 µM.

NS8593 is K_Ca2 (SK) channel blocker, with no activity towards K_Ca3.1 channels, with IC₅₀~100 nM^1,2. It also blocks TRPM7 channels³.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

50 mM DMSO. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

10-100 nM.

Phrixotoxin-1 specifically and reversibly blocks K_V4.2 and K_V4.3 channels¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10,000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

10 nM - 50 µM.

SB-705498 is a potent orally active TRPV1 blocker¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

DMSO 100 mM. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 1 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Recombinant, E. coli

10-100 nM.

SNX-482 blocks R-type (Ca_V2.3) and P/Q-type (Ca_V2.1) voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels¹. It also blocks A-type K⁺ channels with an IC₅₀ < 3 nM².

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

10-100 nM.

Tertiapin blocks a range of inward rectifier K⁺ channels (K_ir) in particular ROMK1 and GIRK but with no effect on K_ir2 family members¹. In addition, it was shown to inhibit acetylcholine induced K⁺ currents in the heart^2,3.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

Synthetic peptide

1- 5 µM.

Waglerin-1 blocks ε subunit of muscle adult nAChR and modulates rodent GABA(A)/GABRA1 receptors^1,2.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Any other aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).

Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.

0.1-300 µM.

XE991 blocks KCNQ channels with IC₅₀ of 0.5-10 µM¹.

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.

Up to 50mM in water. Mild warming or agitation may be required. Spin-down all product preparations before handling.

Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.